مراسم ومناسک دینی در جامعه عصر ناصری

this study is an outlook of iranians religious practices and customs in eras such as nasser one. it attempts to answer the main question, "religious practices and ceremonies in the society during naseri ruling" and other subsidiary questions with scientific and historical theories. iran was a traditional and religious community . people abided by their religious practices and duties within religious fundamental framework; however, religious ideas of this king is ambiguous regarding historical point of view. some have regarded his religious practices as a pretense to religion and some have mentioned that he didnt believe in minor religious practices. some superstitions which are present among all nations, also existed among religious beliefs of that time people. they included spell and magic or hitting ones head with draggers. the first two ones had social origin and the last one had belief one. iranians werent apathetic in the case of losing their best ones and they carried out commemoration customs for their dead ones, based on social and religious norms such as enshrouding and burial, praying for the dead and other religious practices. because of religious beliefs and extreme interest to sinless imams, iranian had a pilgrimage tradition which was followed by chavosh singing custom. they did everything to best hold religious occasions such as eid e ghadir (the appointment of imam ali as the first imam by holy prophet), eid e ghorban (feast of sacrifices), eid e fitr (feast of fastbreaking), and birthday celebrations of imams including imam alis birthday (pbuh) and celebration of imam mahdis birthday (pbuh) in the mid of shaban. in the month of moharam, they decorated mosques, hoseyniyas (places where the martyrdom of imam hossein is mourned for ) and takayas (theaters for passion-plays) with black cloth. to honor the event of karbala and martyrdom of imam hossein (pbuh) and his loyal companions, they held religious ceremonies such as commemoration of martyrs of karbala, mourning by heating chest, holding mourning groups, lamentation and passion-play. they held the devotional ceremony of taziye (passion-play) in the months of moharam amd safar, particularly in state takieh. this was a common religious custom in alebvyh era and developed to its highest growth and fame in this time, so the golden age of taziye is attributed to this time. however, king naseraldins fondness of taziye was also a kind of religious legitimacy to keep the inherited ghajar throne. nevertheless, taziye developed dramatically in its texts, poems music, quantity and quality aspects. women participation in commemorations, particularly their social presence in taziye, was indescribable and proved their most active social presence role.keywords: religious practices, state takieh (the theater for passion-plays), taziye (passion-play), , pilgrimage, eid e fitr (feast of fast breaking), superstitions.